Project Management the Managerial Process

Project management is an important part of strategic management and a crucial part of nation building, business processes as well as non-profit work that requires utmost care from planning to delivery date. Project management is essential in getting things done.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: the Managerial Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without the systematic approach of project management the accomplishment of goals may deemed too costly and impossible to complete. Project management does not only deal with setting objectives but also the clarification of what is the expected outcome and if how can it be delivered on time. Project management may evolve through time, the techniques may change but there is one thing that would remain and it is the presence of the project manager. The following outlines the key roles and responsibilities of the project manager as well as the key task s and functions that are required within the life-cycle of a project. The Project Manager Before going any further it is important to clarify the meaning of a project. This can be achieved by defining what a project is not and understand that it is not a typical workload or job that has to be performed or accomplished (Gray Larson, 2008). It has to be pointed out that a project must not be confused by work that is done on a daily basis or processes that falls into the familiarity of a routine. For instance in a factory job a system can be implemented and a supervisor simply observes if the system is working or not. A project is a process that is expected to be done once – from defining phase to handover. Leadership A project manager is not just a fancy title given to the person who is expected to manage a team. There are expected behavior qualities for a project manager. One of which is a certain level of leadership capability. In simple terms a project manager should be a g ood leader when it comes to communicating the desired outcome of the project (Lock, 2007). He or she must be a good leader in the sense that there is the capability to motivate the team members. Management Skills A project manager is different from a coach because the job requirements go beyond the capability to motivate and guide the team. The project manager must possess management skills.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This must become evident during the planning phase where the project manager must understand the meaning of time and budget constraints and then make the necessary plans and strategies that can deal with expected problems. On the other hand their management skills must also come into the fore when there is a need to make adjustments, especially when unforeseen problems crop up. Accountability The project manager is accountable to the financiers or to the pe ople that have invested in a particular project. They must have the ability to make the necessary reports needed to inform them as to the progress of the project and if the team are still within the budget and more importantly if they can deliver on time. Furthermore, the accountability aspect of the project manager’s job is seen at the end of the life cycle of the project when resources had to be redeployed. Life Cycle of Project There are different types of projects that can be tackled using project management principles. As a result the typical phases that can be found in project management can be modified to suit different types of needs. The most common projects that are easy to understand and familiar to those in the corporate and business world are those that are related to Information Technology. The creation of management information systems and other IT infrastructures is a familiar undertaking to many people because even small businesses and small organizations are taking steps to ensure that they become a part of globally interconnected world and to be kept abreast of developments in the digital age. Thus, it is a helpful way to fully understand the concepts pertaining to project management by having an overview of the life cycle of a project in the world of Information Technology. In this regard it is interesting to point out that the modified version includes the following steps: 1) analysis; 2) design; 3) coding; 4; test; 5; installation; and 6) maintenance (Cleland Ireland, 2007). What this does is to demonstrate that project managers should never be boxed-in into a formula when it comes to preparing and executing a project. The steps in the project can be easily modified to fit the unique requirements of the problem at hand. In the case of Information Technology the process flow requires analysis of computer hardware, software, programming languages as well as coding. However, for simplicity’s sake it is imperative that project managers must fully understand that at the core of project management lies four basic phases: 1) Defining the Project; 2) Planning; 3) Execution; and 4) Delivery.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: the Managerial Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Defining the Project The defining stage is important because this is the time when the project manager must determine what the project is all about. It is during this time when the project manager is informed of the specifications of a particular project as well project objectives. This is basically the time to have an overview of the project and determine if it is even feasible to take on the challenge of accomplishing what was set in the objectives. This is also the stage wherein the project manager has to form teams. This can be an elaborate process for projects that are unique and never been done before. But for project managers that are fami liar with the basic parameters of related and recurring projects that team members are all known beforehand because he or she had worked with them in previous projects. Thus, their capabilities and temperaments are known. In this way the project manager can easily see if these people can work together and if they possess the necessary skills needed to accomplish the task at hand. But for special projects with objectives and parameters never before seen and documented, the task of choosing team members may prove tricky. This is the crucial part of the cycle because choosing the wrong people to work for a certain team and project can easily derail the work and instead of accomplishing the project on time this would result in delays, added expenses and worst of all it can force the financiers to pull the plug and ask the project manager to stop all related work. Planning Once the team members are identified and their roles properly assigned the project reaches a new level. There is inc reased activity when it comes to pushing the project forward. In this stage the key players are focused in determining the scope of the project and the detailed plan on how to accomplish what they have set out to do. It is also at this stage when the various constraints are identified (Shelly et al., 2010). The most obvious constraints would be time and money but aside from these things there are issues that have to be dealt with such as policies, regulations, restrictions, permits, etc. It is also at this stage wherein the project manager has to identify the various stakeholders of the project. These are the people that would be benefit and those that would be negatively affected by the project – directly and indirectly.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is also a critical phase of the project’s lifecycle because there are so many factors that can shutdown a project especially when the government is involved and other legal entities are affected and yet have the power to put up hurdles and other problems delaying the progress or making it impossible to continue. Execution If this is a plot of the story then this stage is the climax. This is the apex of the activity and highest point in the life cycle of the project. Majority of the resources set aside for the project are expended at this point. If this is a bridge-building project then the equipment necessary to build the structure must be moved towards the exact spot where the project manager intends to build. At the same time the logistical requirements needed to move the materials needed must be take cared of beforehand. Finally, the structure must be built on a step-by-step process as designed in the planning phase. While the work is going on full-blast the project m anager keeps an eye on the other details of the project while at the same time maintaining a bird’s eye-view of all the components required to make a project running smoothly and efficiently. At this stage the project manager must be constantly aware of budget and time constraints. It is imperative to know if the project can be sustained until delivery date and if there is enough time to do the necessary work. This is also the stage wherein the project manager has to make adjustments if needed (Westland, 2006). The planning stage can only predict the outcome of the work flow to a certain extent and that project managers can never anticipate future problems all the time. For instance, workers can get sick or the estimated number of workers was wrong and there is a need to hire more men. These are the kind of adjustments that a project manager must competently handle. Delivery All the work done in the previous stages would amount to nothing if the project manager and his team f ail to deliver. If this is a road project for a particular town or community then it must be handed over to the authorities. If this is a management information system that was created by a third-party then it must be handed over to the corporate leaders and they in turn would hand it over to their IT personnel. In most cases the project does not end with the delivery of a product or a finished structure, the people who are going to use it must be trained to adequately handle these products or infrastructure. Thus, in some cases there is a need to train key people that can help maintain the system that is the byproduct of the project. At the same time these processes requires a great deal of paperwork as well as other legal matters that has to be attended to. Finally, the project manager and his team are also responsible for redeploying resources. In many cases the resources used for a particular project are not consumable, specifically heavy equipment that are rented or bought had to be moved to another location or redeployed for the sake of cost-efficiency purposes. Conclusion In the modern world were cost-efficiency and labor challenges characterizes the problems of industries it is of great importance to fully understand the meaning of project management. It is a way to accomplish complicated tasks with budget and time constraints. As a result it is a useful tool to accomplish things that are important with the assurance that financiers, businessmen, leaders and various stakeholders will have a firm grasp of what is going on every step of the way and be always informed of the likelihood of the projects success or failure. At the end of the day project management principles is a set of principles and systematic thinking that makes the seemingly impossible goal to be a reality. But this is easier said than done. Nevertheless, those who are sponsoring a project or financing a project can increase the chances of success if they know how to choose the correct p erson who would take on the role of project manager. References Cleland, D. R. Ireland. (2007). Project Management: Strategic Design and  Implementation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gray, C. E. Larson. (2008). Project Management: The Managerial Process. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lock, D. (2007). Project Management. VT: Gower Publishing. Shelly, G. et al. (2010). Systems Analysis and Design. MA: Cengage Learning. Westland, J. (2006). The Project Management Life Cycle: A Complete Step-by-Step  Methodology for Planning, Executing and Closing the Project Successfully. PA: Kogan Page. This essay on Project Management: the Managerial Process was written and submitted by user Salvador Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Personality Psychology- an Integrative Essay Essay Example

Personality Psychology Personality Psychology- an Integrative Essay Paper Personality Psychology- an Integrative Essay Paper Traditionally personality has been framed largely into multiple grand theories: psychoanalysis (Freud, Jung), humanistic theories (Rogers, Maslow), social-learning theories (Bandura, Mischel), cognitive-phenomenological theories (Kelly, Laing), trait theories (Eysenck, Cattell, the Big Five), narrative (McAdams, Bruner) and so on. However Personality psychology is yet to articulate clearly a comprehensive framework for understanding the whole person. This essay will attempt to provide a summary of McAdams integrative approach to personality with three different levels: dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations and narrative. McAdams proposed that evolution provides the general design for psychological individuality against which the socially consequential variations in human lives can be conceived. Human beings have evolved to take note of those variations that are most important for group life, summarized at the broadest level in terms of individual differences in dispositional traits. By sketching out the universe of broad trait dispositions that people in many different cultures use to refer to the most general variations in psychological individuality, the Big Five offers a comprehensive system for organizing basic personality tendencies. Whereas traits provide a dispositional sketch or signature, characteristic adaptations spell out many of the details of psychological individuality as contextualized in time, situations, and social roles. Goals, strivings, coping strategies, values, beliefs, and other motivational, developmental, and social– cognitive versions of characteristic adaptations are activated in response to and ultimately shaped by everyday social demands. Adler, Erikson, Rogers, Maslow, Kelly, Bandura- none of these personality theorists showed more than passing interest in dispositional traits. Instead, they emphasized motivation and the dynamics of behavior, social learning and cognitive schemata, strategies and coping mechanisms, developmental challenges and stages, and the ever-changing details of individual adaptation to the social world. What do people want? What do they value? How do people seek out what they want and avoid what they fear? In particular the humanist perspective, influenced greatly by the work of prominent humanists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes the role of motivation on thought and behaviour. Concepts such as self-actualization are an essential part of this perspective, conceptualised by a hierarchy of needs each level both independent and interdependent of the next. If traits sketch an outline of human individuality, characteristic adaptations fill in some of the details. McAdams final level is that of integrative life narratives. Narrative approaches to personality suggest that human beings construe their own lives as ongoing stories and that these life stories help to shape behavior, establish identity, and integrate individuals into modern social life Narrative identity is indeed that story the person tries to â€Å"keep going†- an internalized and evolving narrative of the self that incorporates the reconstructed past and the imagined future into a more or less coherent whole in order to provide the person’s life with some degree of unity, purpose, and meaning. The psychosocial construction of narrative identity moves personality from broad trends (dispositional traits) and the specific responses to daily life demands (characteristic adaptations) to the challenge of making meaning out of one’s life in a complex world. Dispositional traits play the fundamental role of sketching the outline while characteristic adaptations fill the details of human individuality, then narrative identities give individual their unique and culturally anchored meanings. While McAdams describes personality in terms of these three levels: dispositional trait, characteristic adaptations and narrative; there is an underlying notion that influences them all, culture.. At the level of dispositional traits, culture provides display rules and demand characteristics for behavioural expression, but culture has little impact on the magnitude or strength of traits. At the level of characteristic adaptations, culture sets agendas for the timing and content of goals, strivings, relational patterns, and the like. Culture has its strongest impact at the level of life narrative, providing a menu or anthology of arrative forms from which individuals draw in making meaning out of their lives. In conclusion, Personality is an individual’s unique variation on the general evolutionary design for human nature, expressed as a developing pattern of dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations (notions from humanistic, psychodynamic, social-cognitive approaches), and integrative life stories complexly and differentially situated in culture. The principles articulated in this essay mark a newfound effort to assume a central and integrative position within the discipline of personality psychology.

Assessment of Qatari Traditional Architecture Responsiveness to the Research Paper

Assessment of Qatari Traditional Architecture Responsiveness to the Environment - Research Paper Example This is not usually the case in most places. Therefore, the architecture has evolved to take the roaring winds into the equation (Mohamed &Bourennane 34). The main environmental challenge that the people and even the architecture have had to adapt to is the desert conditions. There is rarely any vegetation growing by itself. Even in cases where there is vegetation, it is because of the great care that is paid to it. The buildings are today being designed so as to be sustainable. This means they have to take the environment into account. The buildings now are therefore more ‘green’. They make good use of the limited resources i.e water and energy (Mohamed &Bourennane 34). These winds must meet something in the form of a windbreaker or a tree, in places with ordinary environmental conditions. This is not the case in Qatar. The walls of the buildings have been built to be very tall and firm. This means that they play the role of windbreakers even as they provide shelter for the residents of the gulf. This is an important function because wind can be a major irritant as well as a great utility. In this way, architecture has responded to the need for shelter from the winds (Mohamed & Bourennane 37). People have responded to the danger posed by strong winds by living in walled cities and close to one another. They indeed seem to draw their strength from their numbers. This way, they fortify themselves against the winds that can otherwise carry isolated structures with them. Architecture has also responded to this by providing communal models to houses. As a result, shops, mosques and schools are located close to one another (Mohamed & Bourennane 37). Another climatic condition of the gulf that is well recognized is the hot sun. Of course the climatic conditions in the gulf are desert like. This means that the sun is very hot for very long hours of the day. While the sun is hot during the day, the nights are extremely cold. The architecture has responded to this by coming up with the sort of buildings that are thick-walled, and in most cases the roofing is made from materials that are poor conductors of heat. This is to protect the occupants from the hot rays, as well as retain necessary heat for the cold nights (Mohamed & Bourennane 45). Challenges encountered An inquiry of this kind is, admittedly, best carried out in the field. The reasons are simple. It is better to find out about all the different details that are talked about when the object stands physically in front of you. The immediacy of the object also makes you appreciate the tiny nuances that are hard to grasp when explained on paper. Therefore, the first challenge faced was explaining the importance of the study and what it was all about to non-architecture students. They did their best to appreciate architecture. However, beforehand knowledge looked like something that was sorely needed even for the brightest students. This compelled the need to enlighten the student s before the questions were asked. This greatly slowed down the interviews (Groat & Wang 24). Another challenge worth mentioning is that some of the students who were interviewed were of the age where appreciation of architecture is not fully developed. There were students of up to the age of fourteen. The task was extremely hard for those who were of this young age. Consequently, the problem was compounded by the fact that they were non-architecture

Family Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Family Law Master - Case Study Example She moved out again in February 2006, and began to live with another man named Oliver since December, 2007. She has lived separately from her husband Michael for almost two years. She also does not have a child in concern for emotional bond. Under the circumstances, Lucy is very right in considering that she should file for divorce under the protection of Law for her sanity and life. Under the Family Law Act 1996, she has three grounds for filing a petition for divorce from Michael and achieve to get fair share in the division of property which has been established in the White v White [2001] 1 AC 596 your Lordships' House sought to assist judges who have the difficult task of exercising the wide discretionary powers conferred on the court by Part II of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973.1 In particular the House emphasized that in seeking a fair outcome there is no place for discrimination between a husband and wife and their respective roles. Her first ground for divorce is adultery, in which she has e-mail proof of Michael being in relationship with another man, and thus morally violating his vow of marriage and social norm. She has personal proof of unreasonable behaviour and where she can submit petition which can contain a series of allegations against her husband's unreasonable behaviour. This would be evaluated and considered by the judge as the basis of an nulment of her marriage. She has been forced to move out of her home for a length of time on mutual consent and live with friends. She did make an attempt to come back and reconcile. Even after that, she had to finally decide to move in and live with another man Oliver and had lived with for almost two years. This proves that on deteriorating domestic circumstances she has been forced to live away from home, husband and marriage. She is right in considering legal divorce by petition from her husband so that she can take charge of her life and finances to support herself.2 2. She has no income or capital. Michael is still living in the former matrimonial home, which is now worth 250,000 pounds. he is earning around 50,000 pounds pa. Michael bought some shares in his employer's company whilst he and Lucy were still together. They have shot up in value and are now worth 100,000 pounds. Advise Lucy about the likely outcome of her application for ancillary relief on divorce.Lucy should take pro-active measure once she has decided to get divorce from Michael on the financial issues and getting a fair share of her asset from her matrimonial home in which her investment for the payment has been the primary source of the mortgage and the investment has doubled. This should be based on the principal of 'equal sharing' in marriage which is considered the partnership of equals. This 'equal sharing' principle derives from the basic concept of equality permeating a marriage as understood today. Marriage, it is often said, is a partnership of equals. In 1992 Lord Ke ith of Kinkel approved Lord Emslie's observation that 'husband and wife are now for all practical purposes equal partners in marriage': R v R [1992] 1

In My Own Work Setting Essay Example for Free

In My Own Work Setting Essay In my own work setting we have health and safety policy, child protection/safe guarding, fire safety,first aid, security ,confidentiality. In the regards of health and safety in my work setting I report any issues to Rachel Hancocks(manager) or Paul Hancocks(deputy manager). All staff have there own responsibilities to health and safety in the workplace as well. A risk assessment is the determination of the value of a risk in any working environment and a recognised hazard. In my work setting the team leader of every session does a risk assessment on the working environment. Outcome 2 A safe a challenging environment is important because we as careers have to provide a positive and safe environment to allow the child to grow in a positive manner. Although children also need challenges inn there environment so that they can develop their own skills ,personality and also become independent this is depending on the medical needs of the child or young person. A hazard is something that can cause harm to anybody such as electricity and different chemicals. Whereas a risk is the rating that shows that somebody will get hurt by the hazard. Most risks are calculated in categories of low medium and high Potential hazards to health ,safety and security in my own working environment are:- Stairs Boiler Plug sockets Keyboard wire Doors All these are controlled by risk assessments and regular staff training What is the risk? Who might be harmed and how? What is being done to manage the risk? What else could be done to manage the risk? Who will do this? When will this be done? Date completed Access to the upstairs to extension Children falling down the stairs A safety gate has been placed at the bottom of the stairs that is secured by a chubb lock Staff t monitor childrens whereabouts.Escort children down the stairs All staff  ongoing Outcome 3 There are different non medical incidents and emergencies that may occur in my work settings such as, fires ,floods and electricity failure. The actions that I would take in response to a fire are make sure that all the staff and service users(those able to) know were all the fire exits are an how to get them making sure that everybody knows where the fire assembly point is. I would make sure that all staff and service users are accounted for I would do this my taking the signing in book for both staff and services users to the fire assembly point. The actions that I would take in the response to a security incident is make sure the service user was back inside the building inform management and the rest of the staff do an indecent report and a full risk assessment on the incident and service user. The actions I would take in response to an emergency incident are do as the emergency services tell me to do so make sure that the management are aware of the situations wait for the emergency services to arrive then do a full  incident report and record the accident if this was the case in the accident book. Outcome 4 The signs and symptoms which may indicate that a child or young person is unwell are :- High temperature/fever Vomiting Running nose Aching Lethargic Diarrhoea Headache Rashes The signs and symptoms which may indicate to a child or young person being injured are :- Crying Bruising Cuts Headaches Swelling to any area of the body Redness to the skin. The circumstances in which a child or young person may need urgent medical attention are:- Persistent vomiting Skin rashes Dehydration Severe open wounds Head injuries Burns Poisoning Choking Depressive responsiveness Unconscious Persistent pain In the event of a child or young person that required urgent medical attention I would inform the management team I would phone the emergency services or get another member of staff to do so whilst I was still with the child or young person. Inform the parent/career of the service user of the situation assist the emergency services of all the information that is needed of the service user to insure that they et the right treatment. After the event I would fill in an incident report as well as an accident form. Outcome 5 The reporting procedures for any accidents that happen in my working environment are the accident book gets filled in no matter how small or large the accident may be and passed to the management team. When any incidents occur no matter how large or small a full incident report needs to be completed in detail and passed on to the management team. Any emergencies that occur such as an injury medical assistance would be called the accident book would be filled in and also a full incident report would be written all of which the management team would receive straight after they have been filled out. If there was any illness eg. Sickness and diarrhoea the management would be informed and they would contact the parents or emergency contact if the parent wasn’t available and would ask for them to be collected as in my work setting there are many service uses have different immune systems. Outcome 6 The procedures for infection control in my own work settings are whilst assisting or changing a service user would be protective gloves and aprons but also washing hands correctly after the toilet visit. Waste is disposed of appropriately Outcome 7 in my setting we do not receive,administrate or store medication however this would be kept securely and would only be instruction of the parents.

Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her

Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children present two strongly defined female heroines whose actions not only adversely affect the other characters’ lives but also suggest a fundamental problem with their societies. Both playwrights establish the macroscopic view of society’s ills in the microscopic, individual characters of Hedda and Mother Courage. Both characters have an indomitable magnetism that, on the one hand, allows them to control others but, on the other, causes them to make desperate choices that reflect a repressive society. Ibsen creates in Hedda Gabler a dominating, fiercely controlling female heroine who controls everyone in her circle, from her weak husband Tesman, to Lovborg, Mrs. Elvsted and even, to a lesser degree, Judge Brack, who reverses roles with Hedda by the end of the play. Hedda, as a chameleon figure, alternately shifts her manipulative tactics to maintain control, and each character cannot stay away from her influence. Only when Hedda has lost control of Lovborg, does she resort to an act of supreme self-control: suicide. Judge Brack believes he has won in his battle of wills with Hedda and believes he remains â€Å"the only cock in the yard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  at the play’s end. Nevertheless, her suicide reinforces her superiority because she has claimed the ultimate position of control in the play. Judge Brack cannot assert his lustful intentions through coercive blackmail, and she will not relinquish the power to any character or realization, whether it is Tesman’s loving yet remonstrative pleas or Judge Brack’s slyly conniving wiles. She defines her own role by her self-inflicted death... ...she does choose this role, ultimately valuing profit over her children’s safety. She continues on this journey without her children even as the play ends. Both characters, Hedda and Mother Courage, express values dictated by society. Though Mother Courage’s actions destroy her family and Hedda’s suicide destroys herself and her unborn child, both characters choose these destructive paths. In effect, they become like the society itself, embodying its values and motivations, its limitation and corruption. Neither Hedda nor Mother Courage possess any real individual power or self-control to overcome a society that forces them to act destructively. Ibsen and Brecht represent society’s power to coerce characters like Hedda and Mother Courage into accepting values that refract social ones as destructive to them as to the society that informs their characters.

Religious and Ethnic Groups Essay

Buddhism is a religious group as depicted from the world’s history that began in the 6th century BCE, in today’s Northern India. Buddhism was founded by a wealthy man of Indian dysentery called Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha Gautama’s main concern was to teach people how to realize great spiritual development. These teachings focus on areas like tradition/customs, beliefs, ethics, meditation and philosophy and making people more enlightened; Buddha means ‘to awaken’. To the religious group boast of a huge following of about 300million across the world including 0. 7 percent of U. S. A’s religious composition based on U. S’s Census Bureau Document (Seager, 2012). Buddhism is a religious group that differs broadly from other groups in America. The difference is eminent in the way they carry out various practice. Some examples are worship, beliefs, culture, doctrines, and in other routine practices. Buddhism, unlike other religious groups, believes in the existence of only one Supreme Being ‘God’. In contrast to most groups, Buddhism spirituality is of personal discipline rather than faith in ‘God’. A lot of differences may be present when attempting to draw a comparison between Buddhism and the other religious groups in America. Buddhists Experience in America Buddhism has received its fair deal of mixed reception from other religious avenue. Some people have good perception and understand their teachings seek to uphold good morals and values. Buddhism also seeks a harmonious co-existence with other people in society even if they are not practicing the same religion. Others have perceived them as having a bizarre view deeming its operation as being mysterious. Buddhism is unique in conducting their routine religious practices and beliefs. Some religious groups have upheld Buddhism, not as a religion but merely a philosophy (Seager, 2012). They have even incorporated some practices like meditation as an art of realization physical and emotional well being as yoga in pursuit of reliving off stress. They have also sorted in some Buddhism cultural element and used them to perfect their own religions. Contribution and Discrimination of Buddhism Historically in American culture Buddhism has contributed adversely in development of America’s culture. Many Buddhists doctrine and daily routine practices are borrowed and used to blend America’s culture. Example of such practice teachings of how people perceive life and attitude, changed Buddhism has mentored Great America’s scientists and philosophers (Seager, 2012). They borrow ideas from Buddhism teachings. Some of the ways in which Buddhism is practiced in America include stress reduction treatment. In addition, famous movies and songs based on Buddhism, such as Seven Years in Tibet, Little Buddha, The Matrix, and Star Wars, has helped the advertisement industry. Another instance is the Master Card commercial that shows an image of Woman Meditating. There is an increasing number of Americans who visit the Buddhist temples and also practice meditation in privacy. Buddhist Fellowship organization is a very large group that promotes peace, environmental advocacy, and conducts homeless and prison outreach. Buddhism has experienced discrimination minimally compared to other religious groups. Discrimination happens within its own religion and culture primarily against Buddhist women. All Buddhist women are ordained to follow laws and disciplines such as bhikkhunis. However, Buddhist nuns have come together to fight for their rights. The source of this prejudice was because the Buddhist nuns have increased in number and they want to eliminate them from the religion. Buddhism has helped me learn about meditation which can be used in reducing stress and as a way of relaxing. Asian Ethnic Group The Asian American comprises of a 5% of the American population (Espiritu, 2011). In the recent years, the Asian ethnic group is considered among the fastest growing group in America. The Americans refer to subgroups such as the Chinese, Filipino, Indians, Koreans, Japanese and Vietnamese. Most Asian Americans were born in America while others have been the immigrants who have settled in America. Asian differs from the other ethnic groups because from history Asians have continued to follow their religions, unlike many other groups. The Asian Americans are known for their diligence, strong family values and their respect for education, authority, and discipline unlike any other ethnic group in America. Asian American Contribution and Discrimination The Asian American has contributed greatly in the formation of American society. These contributions include constructions of railway, joining the military and protecting the Americans. Asians have also contributed in creating internet sites such as youtube and yahoo. The Asians have influenced other areas like fashion, religion, science and culture. For instance, the kung fu culture of the Chinese is greatly employed in Hollywood while creating action movies. Acts of discrimination towards Asian Americans in America are similar to other minority group. This racial discrimination bars the Asian American from participating in politics (Espiritu, 2011). The reason Asian Americans are discriminated against is Americans consider them foreigners. In conclusion, Buddhism is an Asian practice which the Asian have practiced almost all their lives, but this practice came to be known only in recent years. Discrimination of Asian Americans means that their religion, cultures, and practices are discriminated against. Buddhism is different from Asian Ethnic group because Buddhism is a practice done by the Asian communities. Discrimination should never be practiced in America because America is a multicultural society and the majority of people in America are citizens by birth. References Espiritu, Y. L. (2011). Asian American pan ethnicity: Bridging institutions and identities. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Seager, R. H. (2012). Buddhism in America. New York: Columbia University Press.