The Dead Sea Scrolls Essays - Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran, Essenes

The Dead Sea Scrolls The Dead Sea Scrolls The Dead Sea Scrolls are documents of great historical and scholarly value, found in 1947 and later in caves above the North West Dead Sea. Archaeologists have shown that the scrolls stored in jars in the first cave at QUMRAN were written or copied between the 1st century B.C. and the first half of the 1st century A.D. Chief among the scrolls are two copies of the Book of Isaiah, almost 1,000 years older than any Hebrew biblical manuscript previously known. Another important scroll was the so-called Manual of Discipline for an ascetic community, which has been identified with both the ruins at nearby QUMRAN and the Essenes, a Jewish religious sect living an ascetic communal agricultural life in that region between the 2nd century B.C. and 2nd century A.D. Parallels between the Qumran scrolls and the New Testament have led some scholars to suggest a tie between the Essenes and the early Christians, including the much-disputed suggestion that Jesus and John the Baptist may have The Dead been Essenes. More recent work by other archaeologists and biblical scholars has questioned the association of the scrolls with the Qumran ruins and the Essenes. Here are some facts about the the Dea Sea Scrolls:The Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in eleven caves along the northwest shore of the Dead Sea between the years 1947 and 1956. The area is 13 miles east of Jerusalem and is 1300 feet below sea level. The mostly fragmented texts are numbered according to the cave that they came out of. They have been called the greatest manuscript discovery of modern times. Only Caves 1 and 11 have produced relatively intact manuscripts. Discovered in 1952, Cave 4 produced the largest find. About 15,000 fragments from more than 500 manuscripts were found. In all, scholars have identified the remains of about 825 to 870 separate scrolls.The Scrolls can be divided into two categories - biblical and non-biblical. Fragments of every book of the Hebrew canon (Old Testament) have been discovered except for the book of Esther. There are now identified among the scrolls, 19 copies of the Book of Isaiah, 25 copies of Deuteronomy and 30 copies of the Psalms . Prophecies by Ezekiel, Jeremiah and Daniel not found in the Bible are written in the Scrolls.The Isaiah Scroll, found relatively intact, is 1000 years older than any previously known copy of Isaiah. In fact, the scrolls are the oldest group of Old Testament manuscripts ever found. In the Scrolls are found never before seen psalms attributed to King David and Joshua.There are no biblical writings along the order of commentaries on the OT, paraphrases that expand on the Law, rulebooks of the community, war conduct, thanksgiving psalms, hymnic compositions, benedictions, liturgical texts, and septennial (wisdom) writings. The Scrolls are for the most part, written in Hebrew, but there are many written in Aramaic. Aramaic was the common language of the Jews of Palestine for the last two centuries B.C. and of the first two centuries A.D. The discovery of the Scrolls has greatly enhanced our knowledge of these two languages. In addition, there are a few texts written in Greek. The Scrolls appear to be the library of a Jewish sect. The library was hidden away in caves around the outbreak of the First Jewish Revolt (A.D. 66-70) as the Roman army advanced against the rebel Jews. Near the caves are the ancient ruins of Qumran. They were excavated in the early 1950's and appear to be connected with the scrolls. The Dead Sea Scrolls were most likely written by the Essenes during the period from about 200 B.C. to 68 C.E./A.D. The Essenes are mentioned by Josephus and in a few other sources, but not in the New Testament. The Essenes were a strict Torah observant, Messianic, apocalyptic, Baptist, wilderness, new covenant Jewish sect. A priest they called the "Teacher of Righteousness," who was opposed and possibly killed by the establishment priesthood in Jerusalem, led them. The enemies of the Qumran community were called the "Sons of Darkness"; they called themselves the "Sons of Light,""the poor," and members of "the Way." They thought of themselves as "the holy ones," who lived in "the house of holiness," because "the Holy Spirit" dwelt with them. The last words of Joseph, Judah, Levi, Naphtali, and Amram (the father of Moses) are written down in the Scrolls. One of the most curious scrolls is the Copper Scroll. Discovered in Cave 3, this scroll records a list of 64 underground hiding places throughout the land of Israel. The deposits are

When Do IB Results and Scores Come Out

When Do IB Results and Scores Come Out SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’re in an IB Diploma Programme or a few IB classes, and you have slaved all year (or two years) studying for your SLs and HLs. You sat for the exams - where you probably developed carpal tunnel syndrome. Also, you can relate a little too well to this video, but you are hoping you did a little bit better on your IB exams.So when do you get your scores? How do you get your scores? What does your score mean? I will answer all of these questions and more in this article. For the May IB Exam Dates The scores are issued on July 5 of the same year.For example, if you took your test May 2015, you received your scores July 5, 2015. For the November IB Exam Dates The scores are issued on January 5, in the year following the exam.For example, students who took exams in November 2014 received their results on January 5, 2015. Mark your calendar! How Do You Check Your IB Scores? Ask your IB course coordinator for your candidate PIN. Using that number, you can access your own results via the IB’s candidate results website.You will be able to do so one day after results are issued: on July 6 for the May session and January 6 for the November session. You Got Your Score: What Does It Mean? Tests Are Graded on a Scale of 1-7 For a full breakdown of what each score means (what the score criteria is) check out this document from the International Baccalaureate Organization. What IB Scores Will Colleges Accept for Credit? Each school may have slightly different qualifications for getting credit for IB courses, but most college classes give you credit for IB HL classes with an exam score of 5 or higher.Some colleges even wave your general education requirements for those students with an IB Diploma.Others like University of Southern California (my alma mater) give you a full year’s worth of credit to those with an IB Diploma.Look up colleges' individual IB college credit policy by doing a Google Search forâ€Å"[Name of College/University] IB credit policy.†Most universities have a dedicated web page for explaining their IB credit policy. What If You Feel Like Your Exam Score Was Unfair? After the results have been issued, schools can request re-marks for particular students if they feel the result is undeserved.Schools can also receive a range of different types of feedback on their students' performance. If you wish to do so, please contact IB. What’s Next? Are you hoping to squeeze in some extra IB classes? Learn about the IB courses offered online. Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT.Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Corporate Finance - Real Options - Application of options Essay

Corporate Finance - Real Options - Application of options - Essay Example re begins, an executive has the choice to reschedule additional work, abandon it outright, shut it down and resume latÐ µr, incrÐ µase it, trim it back, or even switch its strategic rationale. The rÐ µal-options technique has been used in industries like extractors of natural resources, enÐ µrgy firms, and pharmaceuticals corporations, which have a grÐ µatÐ µr scale of uncÐ µrtainty in business investments i.e., as far as the oil-drilling industry is concÐ µrned, uncÐ µrtainties comprise issues such as what the cost of the lÐ µased/purchased land will be. How large the oil resÐ µrves would be? What is the appropriate price for the lÐ µase on the resÐ µrve? Questions similar to these have led to the use of the rÐ µal-options methodology as a systematic analytical tool to estimate these investments in business technology. RÐ µal options tendÐ µr an additional valuable comparison with financial investing: â€Å"that holding a varied portfolio of stocks is lessÐ µr risky than owning only one stock†. Applying this view of offsetting risk to asset/project evaluation allows for the incorporation of capital budgeting issues with physical assets on the one hand, and the integration of decision-tree analysis on the othÐ µr. RÐ µal assets can be evaluated using available techniques developed for financial options, such as the Black and Scholes model. GENENTECH: Drug development at Genentech and othÐ µr similar companies is inhÐ µrently a â€Å"stage gate† process in which Ð µach successive phase depends on the success of the previous phase. Еach stage is similar to purchasing a call option and the entire process can be viewed as a sÐ µries of call options. At Genentech, rÐ µal options have been used in this mannÐ µr in the analysis of all drug development projects since 1995. One of the most important fÐ µatures of the rÐ µal options approach is its recognition that investment values vary ovÐ µr time and that management has the ability to tÐ µrminate investments whose future value has fallen below